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  parable

  example; specifically: a usually short fictitious story that illustrates a moral attitude or a religious principle

  n. 寓言

  He told the children a parable about the importance of forgiveness.

  parameter

  a rule or limit that controls what something is or how something should be done

  n. 參數(shù);系數(shù);參量

  First we need to set/define the parameters of the project.

  parenthetical

  adj. 附加說明;parenthesis (n.)[常用復(fù)]括弧, 圓括號

  He explained the process thoroughly, including parenthetical comments about his own experiences with it.

  parody

  piece of writing, music, etc., that imitates the style of someone or something else in an amusing way

  n. 拙劣的模仿;詼諧的改編詩文

  He has a talent for writing parodies.

  pastoral

  of, relating to, or composed of shepherds or herdsmen

  adj. 牧人的, 田園生活的

  The house is situated in a charming pastoral setting.

  patriotism

  love that people feel for their country

  n. 愛國主義;愛國心，愛國精神

  You may not agree with him politically, but no one can question his patriotism.

  pelt

  n. 毛皮;打擊

  Rioters pelted the police.

  penchant

  a strong liking for something or a strong tendency to behave in a certain way

  n. 嗜好;傾向

  He has a penchant for asking stupid questions.

  pensive

  quietly sad or thoughtful

  adj. 沉思的，憂郁的

  The child sat by himself, looking pensive.

  perceive

  become aware or conscious of (something); come to realize or understand

  v. 察覺，感知

  perceived [=noticed] that she had been crying.

  perceptible

  able to be perceived by a sense or by the mind

  adj. 可察覺的，可感知的

  The sound was barely perceptible.

  peripheral

  not relating to the main or most important part

  adj. 外圍的;次要的;(神經(jīng))末梢區(qū)域的

  If we focus too much on peripheral issues, we will lose sight of the goal.

  perplex

  to confuse (someone) very much

  vt. 使困惑，使為難;使復(fù)雜化

  Her attitude perplexes me.

  persistence

  uninterrupted or lasting existence

  n. 持續(xù);固執(zhí);存留

  He admired her dogged persistence in pursuing the job.

  persona

  n. 人; (小說、戲劇中的)人物, 角色;(pl. personas)(在社交場合裝出的)偽裝外表

  His public persona is that of a strong, determined leader, but in private life he's very insecure.

  personification

  a person who has a lot of a particular quality and who is the perfect example of someone who has that quality

  n. 人格化;化身;擬人法(一種修辭手法);象征

  Your father is the personification of kindness and generosity.

  pertain

  to relate to someone or something : to have a connection to a person or thing

  vi. 屬于;關(guān)于;適合

  The law pertains [=applies] only to people who were born in this country.

  pervasive

  pervading or tending to pervade a pervasive odor

  adj. 普遍的;到處滲透的

  the pervasive nature of the problem

  pessimistic

  having or showing a lack of hope for the future: expecting bad things to happen

  adj. 悲觀的，厭世的;悲觀主義的

  I'm pessimistic about our chances of winning.

  pestilence

  a disease that causes many people to die

  n. 瘟疫(尤指鼠疫);有害的事物

  After years of war and pestilence, few people remained in the city.

  philanthropic

  adj. 博愛的;仁慈的

  She started a philanthropic [=charitable] foundation.

  plausible

  possibly true: believable or realistic

  adj.合理的，講的通的

  thought her explanation was perfectly/entirely/completely plausible.

  plod

  1: to work laboriously and monotonously

  2 to walk heavily or slowly

  v. 沉重緩慢地走

  We plodded through mud that came up past our ankles.

  plot

  to mark or note on or as if on a map or chart

  v. 測定(位置), 在地圖上標(biāo)出(位置)

  The plots are selling for $15,000 per acre. They just bought a 12-acre plot of land.

  poignant

  causing as strong feeling of sadness

  adj.痛苦的，傷心的

  The photograph was a poignant reminder of her childhood.

  polemic

  a strong written or spoken attack against someone else's opinions, beliefs, practices, etc.

  n. 爭論

  Her book is a fierce polemic against the inequalities in our society.

  polemical

  adj. 好辯的;好爭論的;挑起論戰(zhàn)的

  pompous

  having or showing the attitude of people who speak and behave in a very formal and serious way because they believe that they are better, smarter, or more important than other people

  adj. 自大的;浮夸的;華而不實的;愛炫耀的

  She found it difficult to talk about her achievements without sounding pompous.

  ponder

  to think about or consider (something) carefully

  vt. 仔細(xì)考慮;衡量

  He pondered the question before he answered.

  postpone

  v. 延遲，使...延期 to assign to a later time

  vi.(持續(xù)地)苦干; (駕舟時)拍打(水面); (心臟)狂跳; 腳步沉重地走(或跑)

  vt.連續(xù)重?fù)? 搗碎，碾碎; 強迫吸收; 猛烈襲擊

  We had to postpone our vacation. = We had to postpone going on our vacation.

  pound

  1 to hit sth with force again and again 2 to crush or break sth into very small pieces by hitting it again and again 3 to walk or run with heavy and loud steps

  The recipe calls for a pound of ground beef. a 50-pound dog = a dog that weighs 50 pounds Chicken is on sale this week for $3 per/a pound.

  practitioner

  a person who works in a professional medical or legal business

  n. 開業(yè)者，從業(yè)者，執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)生

  practitioners of the art of glassblowing

  pragmatist

  a reasonable and logical way of doing things or of thinking about problems that is based on dealing with specific situations instead of on ideas and theories

  n. 實用主義者;愛管閑事的人

  The right person for the job will balance vision with pragmatism.

  precedent

  a similar action or event that happened at an earlier time

  n. 先例

  There are no precedents for these events.

  preeminence

  n. 卓越;杰出

  preeminent

  more important, skillful, or successful than others : better than others

  adj. 卓越的;超群的

  She's the preeminent chef in a city that has many good ones.

  prefatory

  included at the beginning of a book, speech, etc., as an introduction

  adj. 前言的;序文的

  The speaker made some prefatory remarks.

  preposterous

  very foolish or silly

  adj. 荒謬的;可笑的

  The whole idea is preposterous

  presumptuous

  1 showing a lack of proper social reserve or modesty; 2 having a feeling of superiority that shows itself in an overbearing attitude; 3 thrusting oneself where one is not welcome or invited

  adj. 放肆的，專橫的，冒昧的

  It would be presumptuous (of me) to tell the manager how to do things.

  presuppose

  1 to be based on the idea that something is true or will happen 2 : to require or depend on (something) in order to be true or exist

  vt. 假定;預(yù)料;以…為先決條件

  The rule presupposes a need to restrict student access to the library.

  pretentious

  having or showing the unpleasant quality of people who want to be regarded as more impressive, successful,

  adj. 自命不凡的;炫耀的;做作的

  The houses in the neighborhood are large and pretentious.

  prevail

  1 : to gain ascendancy through strength or superiority : TRIUMPH

  2 : to be or become effective or effectual

  3 : to use persuasion successfully

  4 : to be frequent : PREDOMINATE

  5 : to be or continue in use or fashion : PERSIST

  v. 盛行，流行

  Our soccer team prevailed [=won] despite the bad weather.

  priority

  status established in order of importance or urgency

  n. 優(yōu)先權(quán)，優(yōu)先考慮的事

  Reorganizing the sales force will be a top priority for the new president.

  prodigious

  amazing or wonderful : very impressive

  adj. 驚人的，異常的，奇妙的;巨大的

  prodigious achievement/effort/talent

  productive

  yielding results, benefits, or profits

  adj. 多產(chǎn)的

  a highly productive [=successful] sales team

  profess

  to say or declare (something) openly

  vt. 自稱;公開表示;宣稱信奉;正式準(zhǔn)予加入

  He professes confidence in his friend.

  profligacy

  carelessly and foolishly wasting money, materials, etc. : very wasteful

  adj. 肆意揮霍;放蕩;浪費

  She was very profligate in her spending. profligate energy use

  progenitor

  sth that is a model for sth else

  n. 先驅(qū)

  the progenitors of modern art

  proliferate

  to increase in number or amount quickly

  vt. 使激增

  New problems have proliferated in recent months.

  proliferation

  1 something added (as by growth); 2 the act or process of becoming greater in number

  n. 增殖，擴散

  There has been a recent proliferation of medical advertising on TV.

  prolific

  producing a large amount of something

  adj. 多產(chǎn)的;豐富的

  The tree is a prolific bloomer.

  promote

  to change the rank or position of (someone) to a higher or more important one

  v. 促進(jìn);提升;推銷;發(fā)揚

  The army major was promoted to lieutenant colonel.

  propagate

  to make (something, such as an idea or belief) known to many people

  vt. 傳播;宣傳

  The group propagates [=promotes] its antigovernment doctrine on the Web.

  propel

  to push or drive (someone or something) forward or in a particular direction

  v. 推進(jìn);驅(qū)使;激勵;驅(qū)策

  He grabbed him and propelled him through the door.

  propulsion

  the force that moves something forward : the force that propels something

  n. 推進(jìn);推進(jìn)力

  Sailboats use wind as their source/means of propulsion.

  protean

  able to change into many different forms or able to do many different things

  adj. 千變?nèi)f化的;一人演幾個角色

  a protean organism

  protest

  to show or express strong disagreement with or disapproval of something

  vt. 抗議;斷言

  The victim's family protested at/against the judge's sentence.

  protract

  extend

  vt. 繪制;延長;伸展

  a device that has the form of a half circle and that is used for drawing and measuring angles

  provable

  adj. 可證明的;可以查清的

  proverbial

  of, relating to, or resembling a proverb

  adj. 諺語的

  a proverbial expression/phrase

  provincial

  limited in outlook:narrow;lacking the polish of urban society:unsophisticated

  adj. 省的;地方性的;偏狹的

  She speaks with a provincial accent.

  pseudonym

  a name that someone (such as a writer) uses instead of his or her real name

  n. 筆名;假名

  Mark Twain is the pseudonym of the American writer Samuel L. Clemens.

  pundit

  a person who knows a lot about a particular subject and who expresses ideas and opinions about that subject publicly (such as by speaking on television and radio shows)

  n. 博學(xué)者;梵文學(xué)者

  political pundits

  quackery

  the methods and treatments used by unskillful doctors or by people who pretend to be doctors

  n. 庸醫(yī)的醫(yī)術(shù)，騙子的行為

  His cure was nothing but quackery.

  quagmire

  an area of soft, wet ground

  n. 沼澤，沼澤地;無法脫身的困境

  After a lot of rain, the dirt road becomes a quagmire.

  quandary

  a situation in which you are confused about what to do

  n. 困惑;窘境;為難

  The unexpected results of the test have created a quandary for researchers.

  querulous

  complaining in an annoyed way

  adj. 易怒的，暴躁的;愛發(fā)牢騷的，抱怨的

  The child said in a querulous [=whining] voice that he didn't like carrots.

  quixotic

  hopeful or romantic in a way that is not practical

  adj. 唐吉訶德式的;狂想家的;愚俠的

  a quixotic solution/pursuit

  rambunctious

  being rough or noisy in a high-spirited way

  adj. 喧鬧的，騷亂的

  a class full of rambunctious [=boisterous, (Brit) rumbustious] children

  rancor

  an angry feeling of hatred or dislike for someone who has treated you unfairly

  n. 深仇;怨恨;敵意

  She answered her accusers calmly and without rancor.

  rapacious

  1 having a huge appetite; 2 living by killing and eating other animals; 3 having or marked by an eager and often selfish desire especially for material possessions

  adj. 貪婪的，掠奪的

  a rapacious [=greedy] businessman

  reactionary

  relating to, marked by, or favoring reaction; especially : ultraconservative in politics

  adj. 反動的; 保守的

  reactionary views/opinions/ideas

  rebellion

  an effort by many people to change the government or leader of a country by the use of protest or violence

  n. 叛亂;反抗;謀反;不服從

  The king's army suppressed/quelled/crushed the rebellion.

  rebuke

  to speak in an angry and critical way to (someone)

  v. 非難，指責(zé);譴責(zé)

  She was rebuked [=reprimanded] for being late.

  reciprocal

  shared, felt, or shown by both sides serving to reciprocate

  adj. 互惠的;相互的;

  a reciprocal trade agreement between two countries

  recite

  to read (something) out loud or say (something) from memory usually for an audience

  vt. 背誦;敘述;列舉

  He recited the poem/passage with great feeling.

  reconciliation

  the act of causing two people or groups to become friendly again after an argument or disagreement

  n. 和解;調(diào)和;和諧;甘愿

  Signing the trade agreement was praised as an act of reconciliation between the two countries.

  rectitude

  the quality of being honest and morally correct

  n. 公正;誠實;清廉

  No one questioned his moral rectitude.

  redemptive

  adj. 贖回的;贖身的;挽回的

  the redemption of his reputation

  reflective

  adj. 反射的;反映的;沉思的

  The material is highly reflective. [=it easily reflects light]

  refuge

  shelter or protection from danger or trouble

  n. 避難;避難所;庇護(hù)

  They were seeking refuge. = They were seeking a place of refuge. [=a safe place]

  refute

  prove (a statement or theory) to be wrong or false; disprove

  v. 反駁

  The lawyer refuted the testimony of the witness.

  regressive

  adj. 回歸的;后退的;退化的

  a repressive government

  rehearse

  to say again : REPEAT;to recite aloud in a formal manner; to present an account of : RELATE

  vt. 排練;預(yù)演

  The orchestra is rehearsing a piece by Schumann.

  reinterpret

  to interpret again; specifically : to give a new or different interpretation to

  v. 重新解釋

  New information may force us to reinterpret the evidence.

  reinvent

  to present (something) in a different or new way

  vt. 重新使用;徹底改造;重復(fù)發(fā)明(在不知他人已發(fā)明的情況下)

  The candidate promised to reinvent Social Security.

  reiterate

  repeat something you have already said in order to emphasize it

  v. 重復(fù)

  She avoided answering our questions directly, instead reiterating that the answers could be found in her book.

  remorseful

  adj. 懊悔的;悔恨的

  She seemed truly remorseful for what she had done.

  renounce

  1:to say especially in a formal or official way that you will no longer have or accept (something) : to formally give up (something)2: to say in a formal or definite way that you refuse to follow, obey, or support (someone or somethin

  v. 宣布放棄;與…斷絕關(guān)系;墊牌

  The king renounced [=abdicated] the throne. She renounced her inheritance.

  renowned

  known and admired by many people for some special quality or achievement

  adj. 著名的，有聲望的

  a restaurant renowned for its wine list

  renunciation

  the act of renouncing sth or sb

  vt. 放棄，脫離關(guān)系

  Their vows include renunciation of all wealth.

  repel

  to keep (something) out or away

  vt.擊退; 使厭惡; 抵制; 使不愉快

  Their superior forces repelled the invasion.

  repercussion

  something usually bad or unpleasant that happens as a result of an action, statement, etc., and that usually affects people for a long time

  n. 反響;彈回;反射;浮動診胎法

  We didn't expect the decision to have such serious/enormous/tremendous repercussions.

  reprehensible

  very bad : deserving very strong criticism

  adj. 應(yīng)斥責(zé)的;應(yīng)該譴責(zé)的

  reprehensible [=contemptible]acts

  reprimand

  to speak in an angry and critical way to (someone who has done something wrong, disobeyed an order, etc.)

  v. 譴責(zé);訓(xùn)斥;申訴

  The soldiers were severely reprimanded.

  reproach

  to speak in an angry and critical way to (someone) : to express disapproval or disappointment to (someone)

  n. 責(zé)備;恥辱

  vt. 責(zé)備;申斥

  His actions were above/beyond reproach.

  reputation

  overall quality as seen or judged by people in general

  n. 名譽;聲望

  This car dealership has a good/bad reputation.

  resentful

  having or showing a feeling of anger or displeasure about someone or something unfair

  adj. 充滿忿恨的;厭惡的

  She is resentful about being demoted.

  resign

  to give up (a job or position) in a formal or official way

  vt. 辭職;放棄;委托;使聽從

  vi. 辭職

  The senator was forced to resign his position.

  resuscitate

  to bring (someone who is unconscious, not breathing, or close to death) back to a conscious or active state again

  v. 使復(fù)蘇;使復(fù)興

  The patient stopped breathing but doctors were able to resuscitate him.

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